Impact of soil fertility and leaf nutrients status on. Use of silkworm by products pupa for poultry feed, sericin for cosmetic applications. Factors affecting on quality muga silkworm antheraea assamensis helfer seed crop production. The silk produced is known for its glossy, fine texture and durability. Online assignment topic seri culture linkedin slideshare.
It is the caterpillar of a moth whose cocoon is used to make silk. The silkworm life cycle goes through the larvacocoonmoth stages, which are typical of most mothlike insects. Muga silkworm, antheraea assamensis helfer, generally reared outdoor on standing host trees for which it is always under pressure of vagaries of weather conditions causing substantial loss. Historically this is the highly desired fibre which has been used extensively for apparels, home. In this article we will discuss about the life cycle of various silk moths. You can merge pdfs or a mix of pdf documents and other files.
The newly developed viruses could protect the silkworms from disease and as a result could save the muga silk industry. Antheraea pernyi saturnidae antheraea yamamai saturnidae antheraea paphia saturnidae antheraea royeli saturnidae iii muga silkworm antheraea assama saturnidae iv eri silk worm philosamia ricini saturnidae 3. Pdf merge combine pdf files free tool to merge pdf online. Muga silk is the product of the silkworm antheraea assamensis endemic to assam. Once you merge pdfs, you can send them directly to your email or download the file to our computer and view. Due to the high incidence of disease and natural enemies, and variations in climatic conditions, the production of muga silk has recently declined dramatically. Muga silkworm feeds primarily on som persea bombycina, but will feed on soalu litsea monopetala, dighloti l.
The factors responsible for the muga silkworm seed production are discussed in the present study. Saturniidae, the producer of golden silk, is a lepidopteran insect endemic to. Insect pests of muga silkworm, anthereae assamensis. The female silkworm moth has tiny wings and a large abdomen. The cocoons can be reeled into raw silk like mulberry silkworm cocoons.
Bioassay of the host plants of muga silkworm the muga silkworm is polyphagous and thrives on several species of plants, unlike the mulberry silkworm, which can survive only on mulberry. Muga silkworm is semidomesticated and multivoltine in nature having 5 to 6 generations in a year. Comparative study on the rearing performance of muga silkworm. Fungal colonies cfu x 104g soil in control no amendment soil on 0 day with perionyx excavatus as test species. Muga silkworm seed organization msso is the nodal agency for production and supply of muga basic seed. Circular bamboo device for hanging khorika for egg laying.
After cocooning you can remove them and spin some silk, or you can wait until they hatch they will hatch in about a month. There were statistically differences among eri and muga silkworm pupae in terms of moisture, protein, crude fat, total ash, crude fibre, carbohydrate p muga silkworm. Factors affecting on quality muga silkworm antheraea assamensis. Gut microflora of muga silkworm synthesize digestive enzymes. In this paper, composition of few secondary metabolites, viz. Silk is a protein fiber produced by silkworm for spinning cocoon. Two superior muga silkworm lines cmr1 and cmr2 are under field testing muga silkworm eggs preservation schedules developed to facilitate uniform hatching is under field testing. Saturniidae which produces the exclusively fascinating golden shimmering silk is geographically isolated to a single pocket of the world, i.
To increase the production level up to 4a grade mulberry bivoltine silk from about. The life cycle lasts for 50 days in summer and max. The silk is known for its extreme durability and has a natural yellowishgolden tint with a shimmering, glossy texture. Rearing of muga silkworm is a complicated and labourintensive process as it completes its life cycle both indoor and outdoor, i. Muga silkworm antheraea assamensis helfer indoor rearing. Jul 19, 20 there is an increasing demand for new versatile biomaterials. It is washable at home and is free from drycleaning hassles, unlike other silk fabrics. Silk is reported by many researchers as an ideal biomaterial for different biomedical applications. Click, drag, and drop to reorder files or press delete to remove any content you dont want. Family characters namely, bipectinate antennae, minute labial palpi, short maxillae, lack of frenulae are prominent in both the sexes. Male and female moths are flightless and lack functional mouth parts. Like muga culture, eri farmers also adopt various traditional indigenous practices during eri silkworm rearing. To know the future prospects of muga silkworm commercial crop and four seed crop.
Muga silkworm antheraea assamensis helfer is endemic to assam and adjoining areas in northeastern india, and naturally produces golden silk. The larvae of these moths feed on som machilus bombycina and sualu litsaea polyantha leaves. Muga is produced from the muga silkworm antheraea assama that spins golden cocoons and feeds on the leaves of som machilus bombycina, which grows in abundance in assam. Silk gland fibroin from indian muga silkworm antheraea assama as. Muga silk is produced only in the north east india as the silkworms form their cocoons. One of the rarest silks in the world is the muga silk from assam. Global climate change and its impact on the productivity. Muga silk has a special status due to its natural golden yellow colour. Cocoon productivity in muga for seed multiplication is measured in terms of productivity potential realized from egg layings. Research paper on muga silkworm right professionals and service who can write quality papers for you.
Nutrient properties of eri and muga silkworm pupae the nutrient properties of eri and muga silkworm pupae are given in the table 1. Wild silks are often referred to in india as vanya silks. Muga silkworm muga silkworms belong to the species, antheraea assamensis. The fact that sets this silk apart from all other versions is that it is totally golden yellow in color. Antheraea assamensis, known as the muga silkworm as a larva and assam silk moth as an adult, is a moth of the family saturniidae. Limited geographical and ecological distribution, complicated culture practice, changes in climate, pollution and shifting of traditional rearer to other professions push muga culture into. Muga silkworm, antheraea assamensis helfer lepidoptera. The silkworm first makes a support then spins the cocoon. Muga silkworms are mostly wild unlike the mulberry silkworm, which is completely domesticated. Sarmah et altraditional practices in muga and eri culture 451 chaloni. Abstract the muga silk industry of assam has been in existence since time immemorial. The average amplicons per primer was found to be 8. Sericulture and silk production the ancient technique of rearing silkworms for production of silk yarn and weaving it into expensive cloth is widely practiced today. In assam, muga silk weaving is an ancient craft, though there is no definite and precise mention of the time of its origin.
Identification of low temperature resistant embryonic stages for. Indigenous knowledge of silkworm cultivation and its. Neog k, dutta p, changmai a, goswami d, choudhury b 2015 comparative study on the rearing performance of muga silkworm under indoor and outdoor rearing conditions. The muga silkworm rearing is conducted throughout the year six times year on som and soalu plantations. The silkworms are reared out door and as such are exposed to vagaries of nature. It is found in assam in northeast india where 99% of its production occurs. After coupling of moths, they allow the female moths to lay egg on a.
Muga, tasar, and eri silkworms are not fully tamed and the world lovingly calls the silks they produce as wild silks. The types, distribution pattern of the sensilla remained almost the same in the different larval stages except for the number and dimension in some cases. Bacterial community structure and diversity in the gut of. Pdf the mitochondrial genome of muga silkworm antheraea. Browsing our essay writing samples can give research paper on muga silkworm you an idea whether the quality research paper on muga silkworm of our essays is the quality you are looking for. Potential of silk fibroinchondrocyte constructs of muga. The experimental worms were divided in to four groups and fed with mulberry leaves soaked in the selected compounds i. Silk industry among the taiahom of assam, india as an attraction of tourist bandana mahan department of anthropology, gouhati university abstract silk industry is an agro based industry, the end product of which is silk. Improvement of host plants of muga silkworm antheraea. Numerous scanning microscopic studies on insect eggs in the external surface structure of the chorion have provided a precise understanding of the mechanism of fertilization and chemical composition of the chorion of some lepidoptera 5. Life cycle of tasar silkworm antheraea mylitta fig2. The mitochondrial genome of muga silkworm antheraea. Comparative study on the rearing performance of muga.
The term vanya is of sanskrit origin, meaning untamed, wild, or forestbased. Silkworm moths only live for a few days and must mate as soon as they emerge from their cocoons. The silkworm, bombyx mori produces the silk of commercial importance. The muga silkworm, antheraea assamensis, is exclusively present in the northeastern regions of india and rearing of this silkworm is a vocation unique to this region in the world. Muga silkworm belongs to lepidoptera of saturniidae family and, geographically isolated only to ne region of india. The msso, guwahati, assam is functioning under overall control of central silk board csb, ministry of textiles, govt. This silkworm being wild and multivoltine in nature, with 5 to 6 broods in a year encounter intermittent climatic.
Silkworm crop mulberrytas ar, oak tasar muga eri others race of silkworm cropmultivolt inebi voltine uni voltine crossbreed number of disease free layings dfls under each silkworm crop place from where the dfls are purchased national expected average yield i. In this report we fabricate 2d matrices from the regenerated aqueous silk fibroin protein of. Most of the studies are carried out on mulberry silk bombyx mori, however silk from indian nonmulberry silkworms are relatively unexplored. Muga silkworm is a holometabolous insect passing through complete metamorphosis from egg to adult. Scanning electron microscopy on the postembryonic development of the mouthpart sensory structures of the muga silk moth, antheraea assamensis revealed the presence of a variety of sensilla.
In the brahmaputra valley, the larvae of the assam silkmoth feed on aromatic som. Action plan for 201415 central muga eri research and. The muga silkworm is a single species with little genetic variation among populations, survives harsh climatic conditions and is subject to various diseases, pests and predators. Fungal colonies cfu x 104g soil in tasar waste supplemented soil. Muga silkworm antheraea assamensis, helfer is a multiviltine insect endemic to the north easter n region of india and it belongs to the family satur niidae. Muga silkworm, antheraea assamensis is exclusively present in the north eastern regions of india and rearing of this silkworm is a vocation unique to this region in the world. Peigler abstract muga silk is the traditional heritage of assam. India is the second largest producer of silk in the world.
From time immemorial, many ethnic and tribal groups have produced muga silk. Sericulture is an important labourintensive and agrobased cottage industry. Pdf muga silkworm, antheraea assamensis lepidoptera. Host plant selection by larvae of the muga silk moth, antheraea. Muga silkworm cultivation has been an age old practice, it is obviously environment controlled and the rearing performance is quite different in each season. Among the four varieties of silk produced, in 201516, mulberry accounts for 71.
The m uga silkworm performs best in the temperature range of 25. The present paper describes the comparative rearing performance of muga silkworm under indoor and outdoor rearing conditions. One tree can be utilized for two rearing in a year alternately during spring and autumn, thus one full grown tree can yield cocoons in a year and 5 trees are required to produce 5000 cocoons which yield one kg. Abnormal temperature fluctuations have thrown manjita basumatary and her fellow silk farmers from assam in a tizzy. The silkworm eggs, laid out about 300 to 400 at a time, generally take about ten days to hatch. Pdf muga silkworm antheraea assamensis helfer is endemic to assam and adjoining areas in northeastern india, and naturally produces. They also keep eri seed cocoons in bamboo made moth cage chakori pera. Lifecycle of silkworm with diagram biology discussion. The mitochondrial genome of muga silkworm antheraea assamensis and its comparative analysis with other lepidopteran insects article pdf available in plos one 1211.
Sericulture and silk production department of science and. Muga silk the golden yellow silk is secreted by multivoltine silkworm a. Muga silk industry of assam in historical perspectives. How to merge pdfs and combine pdf files adobe acrobat dc. The hard protective covering must be softened before reeling, using certain special technique. Finally, the complete annotated file of mitochondrial genome was prepared. Rearing of muga silkworm muga silkworm rear in out door on tree.
Tasar silk is generated by the worm of the silk month antheraea mylitta. Vanya muga, eri and tasar silk to increase from 9,075 mts to 11,500 mts. Fungal colonies cfu x 104g soil in tasar waste supplemented soil on 0 day with perionyx excavatus as test species fig3. Muga silkworm spinning device title of the technology. Use of bamboo mountage to control muscardine disease of muga silkworm year of recommendation.
Factors affecting on quality muga silkworm antheraea. Muga silkworm antheraea assamensis helfer in assam india european academic research vol. India has the unique distinction of being the only country producing all the five kinds of silk mulberry, eri, muga, tropical tasar and temperate tasar. Muga silkworm antheraea assamensis helfer indoor rearing by.
Once files have been uploaded to our system, change the order of your pdf documents. Muga silk worm is multivoltine and 56 crops are raised in a year out of which two commercial crops jethua. Rearrange individual pages or entire files in the desired order. Pdf on apr 1, 2011, rajesh kumar and others published muga silkworm, antheraea assamensis insecta.
Silk a natural fibre silk often referred to as the queen of textiles is the strongest natural fibre lustrous, smooth, inherent affinity for dyes, vibrant colours, having high absorbent and light weight qualities excellent drape and elastic properties. Excess sds was removed by gland of 5th instar larvae of indian muga silkworm a. The present study has been aimed at investigating various economic parameters of the silkworm cocoon, when fed on mulberry leaves fortified with selected trace element zinc, vitamin, pyridoxine and hormone, methoprene. Pdf study the problems and prospects of rearing of muga. Muga silkworm antheraea assamensis helfer collaboration with neist, jorhat and iit, kharagpur and funded by dbt environmental challenges and global warming 2 effect of pesticides on the growth, development and productivity of muga silkworm, antheraea assamensis helfer submitted to dst, new delhi and awaiting for approval. It is found in assam in northeast india where 99% of its production occurs the larva feed on cinnamomum, laurus, litsea, carpinus, persea, magnolia, michelia, quercus, sarcostemma and symplocos. Most of eri farmers prepare eri seed by themselves. A traditional muga reeling device operated by two persons fig. Muga silk is a variety of wild silk geographically tagged to the state of assam in india. Download premium images you cant get anywhere else. Field trial of eri eco race sr025 at semiarid conditions of andhra pradesh is under progress. The caterpillars have been in decline over the last few years because they are eating infected leaves. Silk industry among the taiahoms of assam, india as an. It was previously reported that muga silk cannot be dyed or bleached due to low porosity, but this is incorrect.
Muga antheraea assamensis is an economically important silkmoth endemic to the. Potential of silk fibroinchondrocyte constructs of muga silkworm antheraea assamensis for cartilage tissue engineering nandana bhardwaj, a yogendra pratap singh, b dipali devi, a raghuram kandimalla, c jibon kotoky c and biman b. During day time and night time, some predator attacks on 3rd to 4th instar of muga silkworm. Attempts were made to rear the silkworm under indoor conditions during different seasons. The reeling mechanism is slightly different from mulberry silk cocoons. Find highquality a muga silkworm stock photos and editorial news pictures from getty images. A muga silkworm stock pictures, royaltyfree photos. Life cycle of muga silkworm antheraea assama ww muga silkworm is a holometabolous insect passing through complete metamorphosis from egg to adult. Geographical isolation of this silkworm is indicative of its.
Silk gland fibroin from indian muga silkworm antheraea assama as potential biomaterial. The popular items made from this silk are dhoti, chaddar, chapkan,pugree and mekhala. Muga silk is sumptuous, royal, heavenly, exotic, erotic and sensual. Tasar muga eri wild semi domesticated domesticated tropicalsilkworm a. On the other hand highest number of pathogen isolated from the 5th instar dead silkworm, least number isolated from the 3rd istar silkworm, 4th instar.
The rearers of the famed golden muga silk have had to shift the monthlong rearing sessions by about 1015 days to stave off climaterelated silkworm deaths, even as the industry pushes on to ramp up production. Here are some interesting facts about silkworms and their life cycle. India continues to be the second largest producer of silk in the world. The source of it is the muga silkworm which goes back to the age of the dinosaurs.